WHAT IS COMPUTER HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
What Is Computer Hardware And Networking In Detail.
For example, computer networks can be found in universities, secondary schools, and colleges, while in the corporate world, networks link geographically separated offices. Local and state government offices use computer networks, as do military organizations, medical facilities, and the Internet.
Computer networking can be categorized as:
(1) local area networks (LANs),
(2) metropolitan area networks (MANs)
(3) wide area networks (WANs).
The fundamental differences among LANs, MANs, and WANs are distance coverage, transmission speed, media, and error rate. A LAN is a class of computer network that covers a relatively small geographic area, for example, a room, a building or a campus. A LAN is owned by a single organization and physically located within the organization’s premises.
How to Design a LAN
To implement a LAN, both hardware and software are required. A network operating system (NOS), such as Novell NetWare needs to be installed on a PC (called the server), and client software is installed on every PC (called a workstation or client) that is linked to the network. Each workstation and the server must have a network interface card (NIC). A cable then connects the NIC to the LAN’s hub or switch.
the LAN topologies, access protocols, and corresponding networking devices and cables for wired LAN design. In designing and implementing a LAN, it is important to have a plan for the: (1) network architecture and channel access protocol (e.g., Ethernet CSMA/CD or token passing), (2) network size (i.e., number of servers, workstations, printers, etc.), and (3) connecting devices (e.g., hub-based or switched network).
Overview of Computer Hardware
A computer is an electronic machine that can process data/information extremely quickly and accurately. Computer hardware is the visible, physical component of the computer that we can touch. There are four main components of a computer system
(1) processor (also called central processing unit, or CPU)
(2) memory
(3) input devices
(4) output devices.
Six Categories of Computer Hardware In Question Of WHAT IS COMPUTER HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
Input devices – used to enter information and commands
Output devices – hear, see, or otherwise recognize the results of information-processing requests.
Storage devices – store information for use at a later time (magnetic, optical, flash)
Processing
CPU – hardware that interprets and executes software and coordinates all hardware
RAM – temporary holding area for information and software
Telecommunications devices – send information to and receive it from another person or computer in a network.
Connecting devices – lets you connect peripherals to your computer, such as
Cables
Ports
Expansion boards
Etc
Block diagram of a computer Of Computer Hardware And Networking
The CPU can be thought of as the heart of a computer. Examples of CPU include Intel Pentium 4, Motorola M68000, and Zilog Z-80. The memory is used to store data and instruction. Random access memory (RAM) is an example of main memory. The input devices are used to enter data (or programs) into the computer, and output devices are used to display the results. The keyboard and mouse are common examples of input devices, while the monitor and printer are common output devices.
The CPU has two main components: (1) arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), and (2) control unit (CU). The ALU performs all arithmetic, comparison and logical operations, and the CU controls the processing of instructions and movement of internal data from one part of the CPU to another. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations include AND, OR, NOT, and Compare. The ALU contains a set of general-purpose registers called the accumulator. An accumulator is a temporary storage used to hold data that is used for arithmetic and logical operations. It is also used to hold results of arithmetic and logical operations.
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